XPS Theory

Initial vs Final State Effects

Initial State vs Final StateQuick Overview In X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), core-level binding energy shifts are influenced by both initial and final state effects. Initial state [...]

Analysis Depth in XPS & IMFP

How is the depth of analysis determined?

Electronic Structure in Solids – Definitions

What terminology should we know in XPS?

Photoionisation Cross Sections

Photoionisation cross sections influence orbital signal as a function of excitation energy

The Auger, or Auger-Meitner, Process and Auger Peaks

Auger emissions are a secondary electron process

Coster-Kronig Transmissions in XPS

Coster-Kronig transitions cause unequal broadening in spin-orbit doublets

Peak Asymmetry in Conducting Materials

Conductive materials may present asymmetric photoemission peaks

Plasmon Loss

Plasmon losses must be carefully evaluated to avoid misidentification

Multiplet splitting of s-orbitals in first row transition metals

Rare multiplet splitting of S-orbitals may yield additional insights into chemical environments

Multiplet Splitting

Multiplet splitting is a final-state effect largely affecting first row transition metals

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