Beryllium
- Elements
Doublet Separations
- Be has no non-S orbital core shells
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
Be 1s: 113 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
Overlaps for Be 1s (primary emission)
- Ga 3p (107 eV)
- Au 5s (108 eV)
- Cd 4s (108 eV)
- Te 4p (110 eV)
- Ce 4d (111 eV)
- Rb 3d (111 eV)
- Ni 3s (112 eV)
- Pr 4d (114 eV)
- At 5p (115 eV)
- Bi 5p (117 eV)
- Al 2s (118 eV)
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
Be KLL: ~ 100 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref | Ref |
| Be metal | 110.5 | C 1s (285 eV) | 1 |
| BeO | 113.5 | C 1s (285 eV) | 1 |
| BeCO3 | 114.7 | C 1s (285 eV) | 1 |
| Be2C | 111.3 | C 1s (285 eV) | 2 |
| Be3N2 | 113.8 | C 1s (285 eV) | 2 |
Beryllium has a very low sensitivity in XPS, owing to very unfavourable photoionisation cross-sections (in fact, only Lithium has a lower cross-section).
As such it will be challenging to detect in low contents.
Given the relatively low separation between multiple states, and the low intensity of the peaks owing to the unfavourable cross-sections, it can be advantageous to record the Be KLL auger also, since the Wagner plot of Be compounds may offer additional assistance in speciation.
See the work of Mallinson, Castle and Watts for more information.
Beryllium metal exhibits little asymmetry, and can be fit with a standard Voigt lineshape
References
- Mallinson, Christopher F., and James E. Castle. “Beryllium and beryllium oxide by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 20.1 (2013): 86-96. Read it online here.
- Mallinson, Christopher F., James E. Castle, and John F. Watts. “The chemical state plot for beryllium compounds.” Surface and Interface Analysis 47.10 (2015): 994-995. Read it online here.