Fluorine
- Elements
Doublet Separations
- No non S-orbital emissions
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
F 1s: 802 eV
F 2s: 30 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
- Cr 2s ( 791 eV)
- Ir 4s (797 eV)
- Sm MNN a (802 eV)
- Pr MNN b (807 eV)
- Bi 4p (808 eV)
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
F KLL: ~ 640 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref | Ref |
Fluorine
Experimental advice
Fitting advice
References
Fluorine
Doublet Separations
- No non S-orbital emissions
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
F 1s: 802 eV
F 2s: 30 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
- Cr 2s ( 791 eV)
- Ir 4s (797 eV)
- Sm MNN a (802 eV)
- Pr MNN b (807 eV)
- Bi 4p (808 eV)
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
F KLL: ~ 640 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref | Ref |
| -CF2(CF2)- | 689.67 | Ag 3d (368.26 eV) | 1 |
| -CH2(CF2)- | 688.15 | Ag 3d (368.26 eV) | 1 |
| -CFH(CH2)- | 686.94 | Ag 3d (368.26 eV) | 1 |
| CF3-COO | 688.16 | Ag 3d (368.26 eV) | 1 |
| CF3-CH2-O | 688.2 | Ag 3d (368.26 eV) | 1 |
Fluorine can exist in various chemical states, which can be identified by their distinct binding energies in XPS:
- Metal Fluorides: These typically show F1s binding energies around 684-685.5 eV.
- Organic Fluorine: Found in compounds like fluorocarbons, these have slightly higher binding energies, around 688-689 eV
The differences in binding energies help in distinguishing between these states. For example, in a sample containing both metal fluorides and organic fluorine, you would see two distinct peaks in the F1s region, corresponding to their respective binding energies.
- Peak Shapes: The F1s peak for fluorine is generally symmetrical. Asymmetry is a sign of slightly mixed environments, or sample charging.
- Chemical Shifts: Fluorine induces significant chemical shifts in other elements due to its high electronegativity. However, within a specific class of fluorine compounds (e.g., metal fluorides or organic fluorine), the shifts in the F1s peak are minimal. For instance, the chemical shift between CF(_2) and CF(_3) groups is large (about 3 eV) in the C1s region, but the shift in the F1s region for these groups is negligible
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Fluorine compounds, particularly fluoropolymers, can be sensitive to prolonged X-ray exposure during XPS analysis. This sensitivity can lead to degradation or changes in the chemical state of the material being analyzed. To mitigate this, it’s recommended to acquire the C1s and F1s regions first before moving on to other elemental regions
Organic fluorine species are often observed as surface contaminants in XPS analysis. These contaminants can come from various sources, including:
- Airborne Organic Gases: These can adsorb onto the surface of the sample from the surrounding environment.
- Handling and Packaging: Oils and other residues from packaging materials or from handling the sample can transfer to the surface.
- Static Electricity: This can attract dust and other particles to the sample surface.
These contaminants can affect the accuracy of the XPS analysis by introducing additional peaks or altering the intensity of the expected peaks. Proper sample preparation and handling are crucial to minimize these effects.
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Fluorine does not have competing emissions close enough for convolution to be a huge concern, nevertheless it’s strong signal and simple symmetrical nature make it relatively easy to deconvolute in the event of overlap.
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- Davies, M. “High resolution XPS of organic polymers: The Scienta ESCA300 database: G. Beamson and D. Briggs John Wiley, Chichester, UK 1992.” (1994): 318.
