Krypton
Doublet Separations
- Kr 3p: 8 eV
- Kr 3d: 1.23 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
- Sb 3d: 528 eV
- Sb 3p: 766 eV
- Sb 4s: 152 eV
- Sb 4p: 99 eV
- Sb 4d: 32 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
Kr produces peaks around 88 eV (3d) and 214 eV (3p), the major overlaps are:
3d:
- Mg 2s
- Sn 4p
- Ba 4d
- Au 4f
- Zn 3p
3p:
- Ce 4p
- Hf 4d
- Pr 4p
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Ref |
| Implanted Kr | ~ 88 eV (3d) | 1 |
Krypton is widely used in high-performance lighting, such as krypton gas-filled incandescent bulbs and energy-efficient fluorescent lamps, where it enhances brightness and longevity. In the aerospace industry, krypton is used as a propellant in ion thrusters for satellites and deep-space probes due to its favorable ionization characteristics. Additionally, krypton is employed in insulating glass windows, where its low thermal conductivity improves energy efficiency. In nuclear science, krypton isotopes, particularly Kr-85, are used for radiation detection and leak testing in sealed containers.
Krypton is typically only observed by XPS via implantation.
Krypton may sometimes be used in place or Argon for ion etching – care should be taken when analysing overlapping peaks of interest to account for Kr signals.
Krypton peaks do not exhibit any unusual peak behaviours
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