Nitrogen
Doublet Separations
- No non S-orbital emissions
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
- N 1s: 399 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
Sb is primarily analyzed via the 3d orbital
- Ga LMM b (Al source) (390 eV)
- Mo 3p (393 eV)
- Y 3s (395 eV)
- Yb 4p (396 eV)
- Tb 4s (398 eV)
- Sc 2p (398 eV)
- Ta 4p (405 eV)
- Cd 3d (405 eV)
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
N KLL: ~ 374 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref | Ref |
| Amine -NH2 | 399.4 | C 1s (285 eV) | 1 |
| Amide -NHCO | 399.9 | C 1s (284.5 eV) | 2 |
| Nitro -NO2 | 404-6 – 405.1 | Au 4f (83.8 eV) | 3 |
| Nitro -NO2 (Pyrene) | 406.2 | C 1s (285 eV | 1 |
| Nitrate -X.NO3 | ~ 407.3 | C 1s (284.6 eV) | 4 |
| Si3N4 | 397.7 | C 1s (285 eV) | 5 |
| Pyrrole | 400.3 – 400.4 | C 1s (285 eV | 1 |
| Pyridine | 399.7 – 399.9 | C 1s (285 eV | 1 |
Nitrogen is analysed using the N 1s peak, which is a simple, symmetrical emission with a Voight-type shape.
Polymeric systems are known to suffer potential damage and reduction under X-ray illumination in UHV – so always be sure to record a scan at the start and end of an experiment when measuring new material types.[6,7]
Carbon Nitrides
Carbon nitrides can be fit with 3 species:
The major emission at 398.6 eV is ascribed to the C-N=C framework
The peak at 399.9 is the C3N heterocycle linkage
The higher energy peak at 400.9 eV are the terminal amine groups on the outside of the structure
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- Bartle, K. D., D. L. Perry, and S. Wallace. “The functionality of nitrogen in coal and derived liquids: An XPS study.” Fuel Processing Technology 15 (1987): 351-361. Read it online here.
- Jansen, R. J. J., and H. Van Bekkum. “XPS of nitrogen-containing functional groups on activated carbon.” Carbon 33.8 (1995): 1021-1027. Read it online here.
- Sharma, J., et al. “X-ray photoelectron study of electronic structure, ultraviolet, and isothermal decomposition of 1, 3, 5-triamino-2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene.” The Journal of Physical Chemistry 86.9 (1982): 1657-1661. Read it online here.
- Vasquez, Richard P. “Sr (NO3) 2 by XPS.” Surface Science Spectra 1.1 (1992): 122-128. Read it online here.
- Goto, Takashi, and Toshio Hirai. “ESCA study of amorphous CVD Si 3 N 4-BN composites.” Journal of materials science letters 7 (1988): 548-550. Read it online here
- Morgan, David J. “XPS insights: Sample degradation in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.” Surface and Interface Analysis 55.5 (2023): 331-335. Read it online here.
- Morgan, David J., and Sharukaa Uthayasekaran. “Revisiting degradation in the XPS analysis of polymers.” Surface and Interface Analysis 55.6-7 (2023): 556-563. Read it online here.
