Platinum
Doublet Separations
- Pt 4f: 3.35 eV
- Pt 4d: 16.9 eV
- Pt 4p: 89 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
- Pt 4s: 724 eV
- Pt 4p: 519 eV
- Pt 4d: 314 eV
- Pt 4f: 70 eV
- Pt 5p: 51 eV
- Pt 5d: 2 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
Pt is primarily analyzed via the 4f orbital. Because Pt 4f is at a relatively low binding energy, there are a lot of competing emissions. We have selected the most common overlaps here:
- Ni 3p (68 eV)
- Au 5p (72 eV) – low cross section, only an issue if [Au] >>> [Pt]
- Al 2p (73 eV)
- Cu 3p (74 eV)
- Au 4f (84 eV)
Full list below:
- Cd 4p (67 eV)
- Ra 5d (68 eV)
- Ni 3p (68 eV)
- Tc 4s (68 eV)
- Br 3d (69 eV)
- Ta 5s (71 eV)
- Au 5p (72 eV)
- Al 2p (73 eV)
- Cr 3s (74 eV)
- Cu 3p (74 eV)
- Ru 4s (75 eV)
- Tl 5p (76 eV)
- W 5s (77 eV)
- In 4p (77 eV)
- Cs 4d (77 eV)
- Ac 5d (80 eV)
- Hg 5p (81 eV)
- Rh 4s (81 eV)
- Re 5s (83 eV)
- Au 4f (84 eV)
- Mn 3s (84 eV)
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
Pt NOO: ~ 165 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
A table of common binding energies may be found below:
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref. | Ref. |
| Pt0 | 71.1 | Ag 3d / 368.2 eV | 2 |
| PtO | 72.4 | Au 4f / 84 eV | 3 |
| PtO2 | 74.4 | Au 4f / 84 eV | 3 |
Platinum is widely used in the chemical industry due to its exceptional catalytic properties and durability. It is found commonly in the fields of catalysis, energy materials, and in fundamental surface science – and as such has been studied extensively by XPS.
Pt is typically analysed by the 4f orbitals, which obey spin-orbit splitting rules with no deviation.
If recording Pt/Alumina catalysts, recording the Al 2s region as well as the Al 2p/Pt 4f overlap enables peak area locking between the Al peaks and ensures accurate resolution of the Al species within the overlapping region.
Analysis of platinum by XPS is typically performed on the Pt 4f region. Platinum is very commonly found combined with alumina in heterogeneous catalysis, resulting in a very difficult deconvolution due to a significant overlap between the Pt 4f and Al 2p regions.
Pt metal can be fit with a lineshape of LF(0.8,2.2,70,10)
Pt 4f of mixed metal and PtO2 oxide may often appear to have similar peak areas for Pt 4f7/2 and Pt 4f5/2 due to a direct overlap between the Pt 4f5/2 of the Pt metal species and the Pt 4f7/2 of the PtO2 species (Figure 1). Take care to ensure peak areas are correctly locked (Pt 4f5/2 = Pt4f7/2 * 0.75). The doublet separation is 3.35 eV.
Figure 1: Pt metal/PtO2 mixtures(1)
Not available
- Durndell, L. J., et al. (2019). “Platinum catalysed aerobic selective oxidation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamic acid.” Catalysis Today 333: 161-168. Read it online here.
- Colin, L., et al. (1996). “Adsorption and decomposition of hexamethyldisiloxane on platinum: an XPS, UPS and TDS study.” Applied Surface Science 99(3): 245-254. Read it online here
- Bancroft, G. M., et al. (1975). “ESCA study of sputtered platinum films.” Analytical Chemistry 47(3): 586-588. Read it online here.
