Yttrium
Doublet Separations
- Y 3d: 2 eV
- Y 3p: 11.9 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
- Y 3s: 395 eV
- Y 3p: 302 eV
- Y 3d: 156 eV
- Y 4s: 46 eV
- Y 4p: 26 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
Y is primarily analyzed via the 3d orbital
- Dy 4d (154 eV)
- Bi 4f (158 eV)
- Ga 3s (158 eV)
- Bi 5s (160 eV)
- Ho 4d (161 eV)
- Se 3p (162 eV)
- Cs 4p (162 eV)
- Rn 5p (164 eV)
- S 2p (164 eV)
Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!
Y MNN: ~ 120 eV
The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!
| Species | Binding energy / eV | Charge Ref | Ref |
| Sb(0) | 528.1 | Au 4f (83.99 eV) | 1 |
Yttrium exhibits a classic spin-orbit doublet, with no extraordinary concerns regarding photoemission.
If analysing Yttrium and Gallium containing materials, such as YSGG, or AlYN + GaN semiconductors – take care of the Y 3d – Ga 3s overlap and record the Y 3p region also. Ga 3s overlaps directly with Y 3d5/2 – however given the small doublet separation of Y 3d it may be difficult to properly deconvolute this overlap – particularly in the case of multiple oxidation states of Y or Ga.
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