Knowledge Base

Doublet Separations

• S 2p: 1.2 eV

The Energies Listed are Binding Energies!  

• S 2p: 165 eV
• S 2s: 225 eV
• S 1s: 2480 eV (HAXPES only)

The Energies Listed are Binding Energies! Sb is primarily analyzed via the 3d orbital

• Se 3p (162 eV)
• Cs 4p (162 eV)
• Bi 4f (163 eV)
• Rn 5p (164 eV)
• Ac 5p (167 eV)
• Te 4s (168 eV)
• Er 4d (168 eV)

Energies listed are Kinetic Energies!   Sb MNN: ~ 450 eV

The predominant photoemission for sulfur is the 2p region, which consists of a doublet with a reasonable doublet separation (1.16 eV – Figure 1). This region may overlap with Bi 4f and Se 3p.

Since binding energy shifts may be small for organic sulfurs and polysulfides, the S 2p:KLL auger parameter may make state identification simpler.⁽¹⁾ Si 2s plasmons can overlap with the S 2p region and render appropriate background simulation difficult in the cases of low S:Si ratio. Recording an extended background, for both Si 2s and Si 2p, can help properly assess the rising background post Si peak.

Si 2s plasmons can overlap with the S 2p region and render appropriate background simulation difficult in the cases of low S:Si ratio. Often an extrapolated Shirley, or even a quadratic background (If [Si] >>> [S]), can help correctly assess the rising Si emission.